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a
- Adobe BrickAn unfired, sun-dried brick made from adobe, clay, and straw.
- Aerated ConcreteConcrete with air bubbles incorporated into the mix, making it relatively lightweight.
- Aggregate BaseInert filler material made up of sand, stone, or gravel, which is used to strengthen cement and form concrete. New pour applications for radiant heat or heated driveways often use an aggregate base.
- Air DuctA large, thin-walled conduit, usually sheet metal or fiberglass, used for directing the passage of air through buildings in a traditional HVAC system. Radiant heating systems can often eliminate the need for air ducts for heating. Air ducts may still be needed for a cooling system in a home(...)
- Air Elimination VentDevice which automatically eliminates trapped air in the "closed-loop" hydronic system.
- Air Expansion TankA tank which provides an air cushion for pressure build-up in a closed system as the water is heated. It helps to maintain the system pressure at a constant level when the system is operating.
- Air Pocket
- Air Relief ValveA valve to vent air out of a water system such as a hydronic radiant heating system.
- Alternating Current (AC)An electrical current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals. Electric radiant heating systems, depending on their design, can be either AC or DC systems.
- Ambient SensorA sensor that will measure the ambient temperature. Can be used as a trigger to turn on a Radiant Heat System.
- Ambient TemperatureThe temperature of the air in a location. Radiant heating systems can be designed to work from an ambient or floor temperature.
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI)The sponsor/publisher of many standards used in industry.
- American Wire Gauge (AWG)A series of numbers used to identify the diameters of electrical wire manufactured in the U.S. This standard can apply for stranded or non-stranded varieties.
- AmperageA measured amount of electrical current expressed in amps. Radiant snow melting systems require a large amount of amperage and should be considered in the design phase of any project. Snow melting systems generally require about 10-12 amps per 100 square feet of snow melting.
- Ampere (amp)A unit of electrical current, analogous to the amount of flow in a hydraulic circuit measured in gallons per minute.
- Anchor
- ApronA section of pavement or concrete outside the entrance to a building or residence such as a loading dock or approach to a road.
- AquastatA temperature-sensing device on the boiler which controls the water temperature that is supplied to the radiant panel.
- ArchitectA person trained in building design and building strength analysis who uses that knowledge to design structures.
- Architects ScaleA type of ruler that shows smaller units representing feet, such as 1/2" or 1/4" equals 1 foot. The units are used so that all building measurements will be of equal proportions to the actual measurements, but on a smaller size scale for the drawings. This gives the architect an accurate(...)
- Architectural DrawingsFloor plans with the foundation details; the wall, floor, ceiling, and roof construction details; door, window and partition locations; and sketches of the proposed exterior face of the building.
- Area
- AsphaltA black, thick, hydrocarbon (bituminous) substance found in the earth naturally and manmade as a by-product of oil refining. It is commonly used for waterproofing and paving.
- Automatic Air VentSee: Air Elimination Vent
- Automatic SensorA self-regulating device, such as a snow sensor, that detects precipitation and temperature and activates a snow melting system during storms to clear a driveway or walkway.
b
- BackerboardA gypsum wallboard designed to be the first layer in a multiple-layer wall system or the base layer to which acoustical ceiling tile is applied. Backerboard is also referred to as backing board, cement board, or Hardibacker board. Backerboard is recommended for under tile projects using(...)
- Base MaterialMaterial used in paving to compensate for ground swell, provide drainage, and to support brick pavers. Base material might be gravel, concrete, or asphalt. Radiant heating cables for snowmelt systems are often installed on the base material for asphalt and brick paver projects.
- Baseboard, Radiant
- BasementThe lowermost portion of a building, located partially or completely below ground level. Basements are a prime candidate for radiant heating because of the inherently cold floors and ineffective forced air heating systems.
- BidetA bidet bathroom fixture is a sit-down wash basin, similar to a toilet, that features a nozzle or spigot which is used for cleansing the genital and perineal areas. Bidets are especially common in Europe and Asia, but are gaining popularity in Northern America.
- BinderAn additive, usually starch, used to increase cohesion in the gypsum core of wallboard. A binder coat also refers to a thinset mortar to bind tile to the backerboard.
- BlacktopAsphalt paving.
- BlueHeat
- BoilerAn appliance used to heat water for radiant panel and domestic hot water heating systems. Sometimes referred to as a hot water heater, it differs dramatically from the common domestic hot water heater used to heat service water. This is a somewhat antiquated term in the context of radiant heat(...)
- BTU
- Building CodeThe requirements to be met during construction as set forth by a recognized authority, usually the city in which the building will take place. The Uniform Building Code is a nationally recognized code and is widely used throughout the country. Laws in individual municipalities or other(...)
- Building PermitAn authorization from the local building inspection agency to construct or modify a building from an approved set of plans.
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- Cable BoxAn electrical box which protects wire terminations and connections and serves as a mounting device for outlets and switches.
- Cable PlanA drawing that shows cable routing, electrical terminations, and the number of wires for each box. The drawing is made by the architect, building designer, or electrical system designer for the electrician to use in wiring the building.
- CADDComputer aided design and drafting. AutoCad is a common program for viewing layouts and plot plans by Warmzone.
- California Title 24 Energy RequirementsCalifornia building regulations for energy design requirements for new and remodeled homes.
- CarpetA floor covering made of natural or synthetic woven fibers. Not the preferred floor covering for to conduct radiant heat, but can work if carpet and carpet pad have a low R-Value. See: R-Value, Carpet Pad.
- Carpet PadCushion used between the carpet and slab or subfloor. Radiant heating systems encourage a carpet pad with an R-Value of 2 or less.
- Caulk
- Cement BoardA �"-thick sheet material of concrete and fiberglass used as underlayment in showers, on countertops, and other places where a moisture barrier is desired. The sheets are installed in much the same manner as gypsum drywall. The 3’x5’ sheets are cut to size and fastened to the structural(...)
- Cement MortarA mixture of Portland cement, sand, and water.
- Center-to-CenterA measurement from the centerline of one object to the centerline of another.
- Ceramic TileFlat tiles made from clay and other silicon materials, such as sand or quartz. Most popular floor covering used for bathrooms and ideal for single-zoned, electric floor heating systems.
- Chalk LineThe straight line formed by snapping a string covered with chalk powder against a surface. Chalk lines are often used to guide the installation of straight runs of radiant heating tubing or electric radiant elements.
- Circuit BreakerAn automatic electrical switch that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current exceeds safe limits. The circuit breaker can be reset when the problem that caused it to interrupt the current has been corrected.
- Circuit VoltageThe amount of voltage in a specific electrical circuit. 110 voltage is used for small electric radiant projects while 220 voltage is used for larger areas and snow melting systems.
- ClimastarClimastar manufactures unique, stone facade wall-mounted heaters. The heaters are designed to use about one-fourth of the power that is used by conventional heaters. Climastar also produces energy-efficient towel warmers.
- Closed CircuitAn electrical circuit that is complete and continuous.
- CobbleA paving stone used most often today in decorative applications, such as for masonry walls or walkways. Radiant snow melting is recommended for these areas to prevent plow scarring in winter or chemical damage from salts.
- Cold Joint
- ComfortTileComfortTile is a radiant heating product from Warmzone that is one of the thinnest heating systems available for under tile. ComfortTile uses a stainless steal metal braid for protection and has no detectable EMFs. This electric radiant heating cable has been pre-assembled and is(...)
- Concealed Tubing LeakA condition where a "closed-loop" radiant panel tube embedded in the concrete loses water. 90% of all home radiant leaks are never visible and require a pressure test for detection.
- ConcreteA mixture of cement, sand, and aggregate which, when mixed with the proper proportion of water, solidifies through chemical reaction into a structural material with good compressive strength.
- Concrete Saw
- Conduction1) The transfer of heat between objects of different temperature; 2) The flow of electricity or fluid.
- Conductor1) A material that allows electricity to pass through it; 2) A material that conducts heat, sound, or other energy forms.
- Conduit
- Conduit BoxAn electrical box at which electrical conduit is terminated. The conduit box serves as both the termination point for the conduit and as a container in which electrical wires can be terminated, redirected, or joined. Also called a junction box.
- Control JointA joint between sections of a structure designed to permit differential movement between the structures. Control joints and expansion joints need to be considered in any heated driveway or walkway design to allow for enough material to dip down below them for slack if movement occurs.
- Convection HeatThe transfer of heat from your body caused by the movement of air around you.
- Crimping ToolA tool designed to crimp or squeeze an electrical connector tightly around a conductor.
- Current, ElectricalThe quantity of electrical flow.
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- DegradationThe disintegration or deterioration of the tubing metal beyond a repairable condition.
- Direct Current (DC)Electrical current that flows in one direction, from the negative to the positive terminal of the source.
- Distribution ManifoldA device used to connect the system distribution piping to a common source. It is usually located on the return side of the system within a closet or the garage and contains valves used to change the water flow rate in the piping. Each area of the home will normally have an individual balance(...)
- Domestic Water RetrofitThe replacement of the domestic hot and cold water system with a new piping system.
- Downspout
- DuctThin-wall sheet metal or lightweight tubular conduit used for conveying air at low pressure; may be round, square, or rectangular. Ducts are used in HVAC heating systems while radiant heating systems bypass them by circulating water under the floor surface.
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- EaveThe edge of a roof that projects beyond the exterior walls of a structure. Eaves are problem areas for ice damming and other ice problems. Heating eaves can be done using electric heating cables.
- Eave FlashingRoofing material that is laid along the eave line and extended up the roof under the shingles.
- ElectricianA person trained, skilled, and licensed in electrical wiring installations. License requirements and other regulations regarding the electrical profession vary in different locations.
- ElectrolysisA chemical reaction resulting in the degradation of the tubing metals.
- Electronic Ignition
- Energy EfficiencyThe use of less fuel to make your home comfortably warm.
- Equipment GroundA grounding wire, separate from the system ground, to a piece of equipment or to a receptacle. The equipment ground will direct electricity from a faulty motor or other piece of electrical equipment to the grounding wire, thus preventing a person touching the defective equipment from(...)
- EvaporationThe transfer of heat from your body caused by water drying on your skin.
- Expansion Joint
- Expansion TankA closed tank in a hot water system or radiant heating system that provides space for the expansion of water in the system as it is heated. The tank contains both water and air. As the water expands, the air in the tank is compressed.
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- Fast ResponseThere is always a time delay between when a thermostat calls for heat and when any heating system responds to that need. In traditional slab-based radiant systems, this can take hours. Low-mass systems, like InfloorBoard, that use aluminum to transfer heat are fast response materials that(...)
- Fault1) Failure in part of an electrical circuit; 2) A break and dislocation in the continuity of the earth’s structure.
- Flash Water Heater
- Flat GrainWood that has been sawn at a tangent to the growth rings of the tree.
- Flooring, ParquetWood flooring in patterns.
- Flooring, StripWood flooring in narrow strips.
- Flooring, VinylA floor covering made primarily of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
- Forced Air Heating
- Forced Air Heating SystemA heating system that circulates warm air from a heat source through the ducting by means of a blower fan.
- FoundationThe base or portion of a structure that is in contact with the ground, usually extending below grade.
- Frost HeaveThe upward movement of an object or structure caused by the freezing and consequent expansion of water in the soil under the object or structure.
- Fuel SourceThe medium used by the boiler to heat water or liquid. This can be natural gas, propane, oil, electricity, wood, coal, or a combination of these.
- FurnaceA device in which heat is generated by burning a fuel. The heat may be used to process something, such as refining an ore, or for heating air for comfort.
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- General ContractorThe contractor who has overall responsibility for a construction project. Subcontractors work under the direct control of the general contractor who makes up the schedules, coordinates the tasks, and supervises the activities of everyone on the job.
- Geo ThermalThe earth itself can be a source of heat. Geo Thermal appliances are used in conjunction with a closed tubing loop that is installed underground. This type of an alternative energy pulls heat from the earth in the form of water and compresses it to higher temperatures.
- GPMGallons per minute.
- GradientThe amount of slope to a grade, usually expressed as a percentage. The percentage is determined by dividing the rise of the grade in feet over a 100-foot length by 100. For example, a 5-foot rise in grade over a distance of 100 feet is a 5% gradient.
- GravelA coarse aggregate of small rocks.
- Gravity Warm Air Heating SystemA system that uses natural convection to circulate warm air through ducting on the principle that warm air, being lighter than cold air, rises.
- Green ConcreteConcrete that has not yet set up.
- GrommetA ring used as reinforcement for a hole in metal or fabric, such as the reinforcement around the holes in a tarp. See: WarmTrax.
- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)A circuit breaker designed to protect people from electrical shock.
- Ground Fault Equipment Protector (GFEP)A circuit breaker specifically designed to protect equipment from tripping too often by allowing a higher tolerance of milliamps.
- Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI)A type of circuit breaker designed to protect equipment from continued electrical current in case of a circuit fault. The current in the hot wire and the neutral wire of an AC circuit are normally the same. However, if a fault in the circuit allows some of the current to leak to a ground,(...)
- Ground WireA wire used in an electrical circuit to connect the circuit to the ground.
- Ground, ElectricalA conductive connection which provides a path for electrical current to pass from an electrical component into the earth.
- Grout
- Gutter
- Gyp Board
- GypsumHydrous calcium sulfate used as a core for drywall.
- Gypsum ConcreteA mix of gypsum aggregates and water.
h
- Hazardous Electrical Location ClassificationsThe National Electrical Code (NEC) includes Class I – areas which have flammable gases or vapors in explosive or burnable quantities; Class II – areas with combustible dust; Class III – areas with easily-ignitable fibers or particles.
- Heat Exchanger
- Heat SinkA metal shape with good heat conductivity used to draw heat away from an area or component. Heat sinks are used widely in electronics to keep heat from sensitive circuit parts during soldering.
- Heat TransferThe movement of heat energy by radiation, convection, or evaporation from one source to another.
- Heat, Hydronic Radiant PanelA radiant panel system using hot water from a boiler or other source to heat the radiant panel. The boiler distributes the heat to the panel by circulating hot water through copper, steel, plastic, or rubber tubing usually embedded in the panel. The living space is heated by radiation.
- Heated Bidet
- Heater BaseboardA heating unit with a low profile that fits along the baseboard.
- Heating PanelA heating system using a panel, usually of concrete which, when heated, provides warmth into the living space by absorbing heat from one source and radiating it to another source.
- Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)The system and process of regulating temperatures and atmosphere inside residential or commercial buildings.
- Helium Spectrographic AnalysisHelium gas is injected into the distribution tubing at low pressure and the spectrograph "sniffs" the helium molecule. If there is a leak in the system, because of the properties of the helium molecule, the small size allows it to leak from the closed radiant system and penetrate into the home(...)
- Hertz (Hz)Cycles per second in electricity and acoustics.
- High MassHigh mass refers to systems that use various heavy (high mass) materials, such as concrete, to store heat. High mass is a form of passive control for a heating system that can be very effective when used with solar heating. These systems can store solar heat during the day, when you may need(...)
- Hot WireThe high-voltage electrical conductor in an electrical circuit.
- HydronicAny form of hot water-based heating system is referred to as hydronic.
- Hydronic Baseboard RetrofitThe installation of a new heating system when the existing radiant panel or other heating system is no longer usable. It distributes the heat into the living space through hot water baseboard enclosures installed around the inside perimeter. The heating of the space is by convection without(...)
i
- ICCThe International Code Council is the largest and most respected organization in charge of regulating the building industry. They are responsible for the International Building Code (IBC). Their evaluation service (ICC-ES) evaluates and certifies the safety and effectiveness of building materials.
- Indirect Water HeatingThe heating of water with a storage tank using an internal heat exchanger to separate the system water from the house supply water. An external heating source, such as a boiler, is required for this extremely efficient hot water heating system.
- Insulating PropertiesThe ability of a material to impede the transfer of heat.
- Insulation RatingThe number assigned to a form of insulation to denote its effectiveness.
- Insulation, ReflectiveA type of insulation material employing a surface that reflects heat. Aluminum foil, sheet metal, and paper products coated with a reflective oxide compound are some of the reflective materials used to back insulating surfaces.
- Insulation, ThermalMaterials used to minimize the flow of heat in or out of objects, such as steam pipes, refrigeration units, or buildings. Heat transfer through an insulator occurs by conduction or radiation. Although no material can completely prevent this transfer, materials can be selected which give the(...)
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- JoistA horizontal structural member that supports the load of a floor or ceiling.
- JumperA wire used between two points in an electrical circuit to make a connection and/or to temporarily bypass part of the circuit.
- Junction Box (J-Box)A metallic or nonmetallic box designed with knockouts in the sides and back, used to support and protect electrical wire connections or conductor splices. One or more connections can be made within one box. There are several sizes and configurations of boxes available for use with different(...)
k
- Kilowatt1000 watts.
- Kilowatt-hourMeasurement of electrical energy usage equal to one thousand watts in one hour. National average is about $.08.
- KnockoutCircles of various sizes, factory-stamped into the sides of an electrical box, which can easily be punched out to form a hole through which wiring can be fed.
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- Lag PeriodThe time between when the concrete slab (radiant panel) is warmed by the boiler water and heat is radiated into the living space.
- LeadElectric current that escapes its boundaries.
- LeadsElectrical wires connected on one end to a meter, instrument, battery, or other electrical or electronic item and on the other end to a circuit or component.
- Leveling Bed
- Leveling CourseA layer of course pavement used to prepare the surface for a clean level surface for the final pavement course which is a finer finishing mixture.
- LicenseA formal authorization granted by a legal agency to perform specific tasks in a project. An inspection or license may be required for the installation of a radiant heating system.
- Lift
- Lightweight Concrete
- LimeA caustic form of calcium oxide used in cement, mortar and plaster.
- Linear FootA foot of distance (12 inches) measured in a line along a surface, or the surface of a material such as conduit or piping. Also called a lineal foot.
- Lineman’s PliersPliers with a tapered blunt nose and side cutters as part of the jaws. They are a multi-purpose tool, but used primarily for working with wire. The handles are covered with insulated vinyl to protect electricians and linemen from shock when cutting live wire. Also called elctrician’s pliers or(...)
- LinoleumA tile or sheet floor covering of ground cork, wood filler and pigment, held together by linseed oil or other binders which solidify, and then backed with felt.
- LiveAn electrical circuit or connection with power applied.
- Load Distribution CenterAn electrical panel, containing circuit protection devices, from which circuits are routed throughout a house or building. Also called a service panel.
- Loops
- Low MassLow mass refers to a system where the weight of panel material is specifically reduced in order to speed up the reaction time between when heat is called for and when it is delivered. A low-mass, radiant floor heating system has performance qualities that include fast response time, easy to(...)
m
- Manifold
- ManufacturerTo make something from raw materials, either by hand or machine. Having parts made elsewhere and then assembled does not constitute a manufacturer.
- MarbleCrystallized limestone valued in architecture and sculpture for its durability and beauty. Marble is brittle and must be carefully installed and well supported in any application. Radiant heat conducts very well under marble and is often used to remove the chill they are known to have.
- Mastic SpreaderA hand tool with a thin metal blade. The blade has a serrated edge for spreading mastic in ridges. The spaces between the ridges permit the mastic to spread out when the pieces to be joined are pressed together. Also called mastic trowel.
- Mat1) a smooth, flat layer of concrete, asphalt, or similar material forming a structural surface. 2) Radiant Heating Mat uses electric resistance wires that are usually sewn into a webbing or mat for proper spacing. See: QuickNet.
- MBH
- Medium Curing CutbackAsphalt which is thinned with kerosene to keep it liquid at lower temperatures.
- Membrane
- Metal Drip EdgeA preformed piece of sheet metal placed along the edge of a roof to encourage water runoff to drip off the edge of the roof rather than flow back under the shingles or eaves.
- Metal LathThin metal sheets that have been expanded or stretched and then stamped through with a slotted pattern giving them a screen-like appearance. Metal lath is used as backing and structural support for plaster and mortar. Metal lat is not recommended with electric radiant heating wires or cables.(...)
- Mineral Insulated, Metal Sheathed Cable (MI Cable)Electrical cable in which the electrical conductors are insulated with compressed mineral refractory material and enclosed in a liquid and gas-tight copper sheathing. The type of cable can be embedded, used on the interior or exterior of buildings in wet or dry locations, used in hazardous or(...)
- MoistureWater in small and diffused quantities.
- Moisture Vapor TransmissionA measure, in perms, of the amount of water vapor that passes though a material. A perm is one grain of water vapor per square foot, per hour, per inch of mercury pressure differential (.491 psid).
- MortarA mixture of Portland cement, lime and sand used to fill voids in masonry units, bond them together, and add support.
- Mounted TileCeramic tile that has been manufactured and factory-assembled into sheets to hold the pieces of tile together and evenly spaced. Mounted tile is easy to work with and can save you time during your installation.
- Mud
n
- Natural GasMethane, a gas formed in the earth in oil-bearing areas, that is used to fuel furnaces, water heaters, and radiant heating boilers.
- NECNational Electrical Code.
- Net Floor Area
- Neutral1) not transmitting power; 2) not reactive; 3) neither acid nor base.
- Neutral ConductorThe second wire (white) of a two-wire AC electrical system that carries the return electrical current from an electrical load.
- Non corrosive FluxA flux and its residue that do not corrode the base metal. For example, chemicals are used which isolate heated metal from oxygen in the air and so prevent, dissolve, or aid in the removal of oxidation during welding, brazing, or soldering. Preventing oxidation permits better metal flow in the(...)
- NonconductorAn insulator; a material that does not conduct much electricity or heat. Carpet can be considered a poor conductor of heat for any radiant heating system. Carpet pad designed with a low R-Value coupled with carpet that is not extremely thick will promote better conductivity.
- Nonmetallic Sheathed Electrical Cable (NM)Cable used for electrical wiring within the building structure. It consists of individually insulated conductors within an outer protective insulating sheath.
- Nonmetallic Sheathed Electrical Cable (NMC)Cable used for electrical wiring in moist areas. This wire consists of individually insulated conductors within an outer protective insulating sheath that is cast tightly around the insulation of the inner conducting wires. This type of cable can be used inside in damp or wet areas or outside(...)
- NotchA cut or recess, often V-shaped, in the surface of an object made from that metal.
o
- OhmA unit of electrical resistance.
- Ohm’s LawA series of formulas describing the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance �, or I=E/R. This relationship can be used to solve for any one of these three values if the other two are known. Ohm’s law applies to all electrical(...)
- OhmmeterA device for measuring electrical resistance.
- On Center (OC)The distance between items as measured from the centerline of one item to the centerline of the next. For example, floor joists that are placed 24" on center, measure 24" from the centerline of one joist to the centerline of the next. This measurement is used to determine which size of our(...)
- Open CircuitAn electrical circuit that has a break, or is “open,” so that the current cannot flow through.
- Open Valley
- OvercurrentElectrical current that exceeds the limit of the equipment or amperage load of the circuit.
- Overcurrent ProtectionA device that interrupts an electrical circuit if the current, or current and temperature, in the circuit exceeds a preset amount.
- OverloadAn electrical current demand that is greater than the rated current. An electrical overload causes protective devices to actuate, such as burning out a fuse or tripping a circuit breaker.
p
- PanelboardAn electrical cabinet in which circuit breakers are mounted and connected to wiring. In a residence, the three wires from the service entrance conduit enter the panelboard and are connected to three bus bars in the panel. Two of the leads are hot and one is neutral. The circuit neutral and(...)
- Parallel LinesStraight lines that remain the same distance apart along their lengths. Snow melting cables and other radiant heating cables or wires are used in a parallel lines for their layout.
- Parquet FlooringWood flooring in which pieces of wood are positioned at angles to one another to form patterns. They are laid on a subfloor or underlayment.
- Paving BrickBrick used for outdoor paving applications. They are made of clay or shale and sometimes burned hard so they vitrify, providing a wear-resistant surface. Snow melting systems are popular under paving bricks for convenience and protection from snow plow scarring or harsh chemicals. Snow melting(...)
- Paving Brick Base, FlexibleA paving brick base that can move easily, such as compacted sand or gravel. It is often used where brick is installed without mortar. It provides a stable base, good drainage, and prevents moisture from working its way up from the soil beneath.
- Paving Brick Base, RigidA non-moving base, such as a reinforced concrete slab.
- Paving Brick Base, Semi-rigid
- Paving MachineAn asphalt placing machine that spreads and levels asphalt to a predetermined depth. The paving machine rides on either movable tracks or tires. Ask a Warmzone representative what types of paving machines are acceptable for installation over snow melting systems.
- Paving or PavementRoad or parking lot surface intended to provide wear resistance and smoothness. Paving usually consist of a wear surface, such as concrete, over aggregate subbase material, such as gravel, placed over compacted subgrade soil. Asphaltic concrete, a common paving material, is a mixture of(...)
- Percent GradeThe rise or fall of the grade divided by the distance over which the rise or fall is measured. This calculation yields a decimal figure which is then multiplied by 100 to obtain the percent grade. The percent grade is important in evaluating the proposed slope of a parking lot, driveway road(...)
- Perimeter Heat LossHeat loss through the perimeter, or outside surfaces, of a building which are exposed to the exterior elements. Effective wall insulation, double-pane windows, and insulated doors can be used to help control this heat loss.
- PermeabilityA measure of the ability of water to flow through a material, such as concrete.
- PEX TubingPEX is an acronym for cross linked polyethylene. PE refers to polyethylene, and the X refers to the cross linking across its molecular chains. This type of tubing is used for domestic plumbing and radiant floor heating. Used since 1973, with many billions of feet installed, it is proven to be(...)
- PigtailA length of electrical wire with a plug on the end attached to the electrical terminals of an appliance, such as a clothes dryer, to bring power to that appliance. Commonly called the cord or electrical cord. Warmzone products like our electric radiant towel warmers from Zehnder can be hard(...)
- Pigtail SpliceA simple electrical wire splice in which the ends of the wires are twisted together. It is used to connect new wiring to old wiring. The wires are insulated so that no bare wire is left exposed.
- PilotA small flame which ignites the main burner when the system calls for heat.
- PlankA rectangular cross section board that is more than 6" wide and more than 1" thick.
- Plastic Conduit
- Plastic Electrical BoxesElectrical boxes made of polyester, fiberglass or PVC designed for use with nonmetallic cable.
- Plot PlanA plan view drawing of a structure which includes the dimensions of the building site, the location of the structure in relation to the property boundaries, elevation of key points, existing and finish contour lines, utility services, and compass directions.
- Pneumatic RollerA paving machine with wide, smooth, air-filled tires used to compact the surface by rolling over it. It is used for compacting clay soils because the clay does not adhere to the roller.
- PolarityThe direction of electric current flow through a circuit indicating the positive or negative charge of the current. In direct current, there are two poles, one positive and one negative. Current flow is from negative to positive.
- Pole
- Pole, Single Pole and Double Pole
- PotentiometerA variable resistor that is used for control, such as the volume control on a radio. It divides the voltage in a way that is proportional to its resistance. It consists, in one form, as a wiper or slider that can be moved across fixed contacts, which varies the resistance. The greater the(...)
- Pounds per Square Inch (PSI)Pounds per square inch is a measure of pressure, a load applied by one commodity on another. Fluid pressure, which includes both liquid and gas, is measured in terms of either pounds per square inch absolute or pounds per square inch gauge. This measurement should be considered for insulation(...)
- PowerBlanketThe PowerBlanket is an extremely durable outdoor heating blanket typically used for concrete curing, ground thaw, engine warming, bucket and barrel heating, snow melting, and even as heaters for small work areas.
- Pressure Reducing Valve
- Pressure Relief Valve
- Pressure SwitchAn adjustable safety device which prevents boiler operation when the system pressure falls below the preset level, usually 5 PSI. It helps prevent boiler coil and heat exchanger damage by preventing the boiler from firing during an unsafe low water pressure condition.
- Pressure TestA hydrostatic (water) test of the concealed radiant panel used to determine the "tightness" and "leak-free" condition of the tubing. The test should always result in "no loss" of the pressure and be performed in accordance with Code-approved procedures. The introduction of helium, nitrogen,(...)
- Pressure/Temperature GaugeA device which monitors water pressure and temperature of the heating system.
- Primary HeatPrimary heating systems are intended to be used as the sole source of heating or at least the main source of heating. Ambient Thermostats are generally used for primary radiant heating opposed to a floor sensor that thermostatically controls a system based on floor temperature.
- PSIPounds per square inch.
- Pump
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- Quarter SawnWood that has been cut from a log quartered lengthwise and at an angle of at least 45 degrees between the board face and the annular growth rings. This method of cutting lessens the warpage and shrinkage of the lumber. Radiant heating systems under hardwood should use a quarter sawn selection(...)
- QuickNetA radiant heating mat product that uses a high quality resistance wire and a mat that has an adhesive on the back for easy installation. QuickNet is ideal for small to medium sized areas and can be easily zoned for separate thermostats.
r
- R-ValueA unit of measure of thermal resistance. The higher the value, the better the heat-insulating capabilities of the material. For example, an 8” lightweight concrete block has an R-Value of 2.00 and a 1/2” sheet of plywood has an R-Value of .63. The concrete block has far better heat-insulating(...)
- Radiant BarrierGenerally a paper thin, pure aluminum material used to reflect 97% of the infrared heat spectrum back up to the heated floor.
- Radiant BaseboardA heat distribution device containing hot water inside a cast-iron or copper-finned radiator that runs along a wall's baseboard.
- Radiant FlooringSpecial polymer tubing that is run underneath the subfloor or fastened down on top of the subfloor or onto a wire grid imbedded in lightweight concrete. Low-temperature water is circulated through the tubing to produce radiant heat.
- Radiant HeatA type of heating that warms objects instead of air, the floor being the largest object, to heat a home. The air in the room is warmed when it comes into contact with the warmed objects. Heat loss is reduced and the radiant heat remains in the lower part of the room, warmer near feet level and(...)
- Radiant Operating TemperatureThe floor temperature should never exceed 85�F.
- Radiant PanelThe mass of concrete or other material which, when heated, stores and releases radiant heat energy into the living space. All objects, people, furniture, walls, etc., are warmed by absorbing and transferring the radiated energy. All areas within the living space are evenly heated.
- RadiationThe transfer of heat by direct rays from your body to cooler objects around you.
- RadiatorA cast iron heat distribution device containing hot water or steam that can be a free-standing unit or recessed into a wall.
- RebarSee: reinforcing bar.
- Rebar Ties
- Recovery RateBasically, how fast a water heater or boiler can heat water. Recovery rates are generally measured by how many gallons of water can be raised 90� in one hour. If a water heater, for example, stores 50 gallons of water, a recovery rate suitable for radiant heating would be the ability to heat 1(...)
- Reflective InsulationA type of insulation employing a surface that reflects heat, such as foil backing. Used in wall insulation or with various radiant heating projects to direct heat. Snow melting systems do not require using insulation due to the fact that it can actually prevent the Earths warmth contribute to(...)
- RegulatorA device used to control voltage, flow, or pressure.
- Reinforced ConcreteConcrete to which reinforcement has been added in the form of steel rods, bars or mesh to increase its strength and resistance to cracking. BlueHeat snow melting cables are often tied down to rebar for support and proper spacing.
- Reinforcing BarSteel bar designed to be placed in concrete for reinforcement. Concrete has compression strength; reinforcing bar adds resistance to breaking when other types of forces are applied. The bars have a patterned, or textured exterior, which allows them to bond or interlock with the concrete mix.(...)
- Relay-TransformerThe control system for the boiler which provides electrical power to the pump and gas valve when the thermostat calls for heat.
- RemodelTo alter or restore an existing structure.
- Repair CouplingA brass fitting used to repair a damaged section of radiant tubing, generally in a slab application. The coupling is double clamped with stainless steel hose clamps and sheathed in a piece of clear vinyl tubing to prevent the concrete from corroding the metal fitting.
- ResistanceThe opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage of a steady electric current through it. Internal friction slows the passage of electrons within a conductor and causes heat. The larger the diameter of electrical wire, the less friction there is per foot. Resistance is the(...)
- Retro HeatIs a unique radiant panel product that has a conductive material in the middle to create safe resistance heat between your floor joists. RetroHeat is stapled between the joists and then insulated from underneath to direct the heat upward through ceiling and floor above. This product is ideal(...)
- RetrofitThe act of installing something after the primary area has already been constructed. RetroHeat, for example, is a product installed between floor joists to provide heat to the floor above without taking up the flooring.
- Return LineAn insulated copper line leading back to the heat source.
- RomexA trade name for non-metallic sheathed electrical cable.
- Roof HeatingRadiant heat products designed to heat the roof eave to prevent ice damming and icicles that can be dangerous to people below. Roof heating systems use electric radiant heat cables or PEX tubing from a hydronics system to bring heat to the roof and/or gutters.
- RooferA contractor who installs roofing material or makes repairs to existing roofing.
- Roughing InIs the installation of part of a radiant heating system. Heating cables, wires, or PEX tubing can often be ?roughed-in? to concrete or under any floor covering and then electrical controls or boilers can be hooked up at a later time for convenience or for budgeting reasons. Warmzone electric(...)
- RPAThe “Radiant Panel Association” has been created to facilitate communication and cooperation among those interested in the advancement of the radiant panel heating and cooling industry, primarily in North America.
- Run1) Width of a step; 2) Horizontal distance covered by a flight of stairs.
s
- SchematicA diagram of a plumbing system or electrical wiring routing or circuit.
- Screed
- Service PanelAn electrical panel containing circuit breakers and serving as a distribution point for the electrical service enter the building. Large electric snow melting systems will require a connection between a contactor box and the service panel.
- Slab Manifold
- Sleepers
- Solar CollectorA device used to capture heat from the sun and turn it into energy. Solar energy captured by collectors is most commonly used for home water or pool heating. The collector may consist of a variety of materials in different forms, such as a coil of copper or plastic tubing, straight lengths of(...)
- Solar HeatingUsing solar energy to heat a structure or to heat the water to be used in a structure or swimming pool.
- SolderMetal alloys with relatively low melting points used for joining metals. The liquid point of solder is 450 degrees centigrade (840 degrees Fahrenheit) or less.
- Solid WireElectrical wire in which the conductor is a single conductor, as opposed to a stranded wire of multiple conductors.
- Space HeaterAn individual heating unit, usually electric, designed to heat a small area.
- Specific HeatThe number of calories required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree centigrade, or the number of Btu needed to raise 1 pound of a substance by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
- SpecificationsDetailed requirements to be met in the manufacture or purchase of an item.
- Spectrographic AnalysisThe use of a spectrograph to determine the location of a concealed tube leak by "sniffing" a particular gas.
- SpliceTo join two pieces together.
- Standing Pilot BurnerA device which always burns a small amount of fuel to maintain a flame. The flame lights the main burner when the system calls for heat.
- Staple-up SystemTubing stapled to the underside of the subfloor.
- Stapling HammerA stapling machine shaped similar to a hammer. It places staples when the head of the stapler is struck against the surface being stapled.
- Stranded WireElectrical wire in which there are multiple conductors bunched or braided together.
- StratificationA term referring to the uneven heat distribution of most forced air systems. Hot air is blown around your living space creating pockets of warm, then colder, air. Hot air also tends to collect near the ceiling where it is needed the least.
- StructuralPertaining to load-carrying parts or members; a solid part of a structure or building that is designed and installed to carry a load. Adding a hydronic system on additional floors using gypsum should consider the structural weight load.
- SubcontractorA contractor performing work for another contractor.
- SubfloorThe layer of flooring that is fastened directly to the floor joists, and to which the finish flooring is applied. It is constructed of plywood sheathing or 2 x 6 planks, and may be a single or double layer.
- Subgrade1) Soil structure below grade level, before any surfacing material is placed; 2) compacted soil on which a concrete slab or other structure is placed 3) the elevation at the bottom of a pipe trench.
- Substrate1) The underlying surface or material; 2) The supporting material to which a finish is applied.
- Supplemental HeatSupplemental heating systems are used to augment a primary heating source or add comfort to an area that is not sufficiently warm. Radiant heating systems in bathrooms, kitchens and basements are generally defined as supplemental systems and function is the warm the floor. Forced air systems(...)
- Supply LineGenerally, an insulated copper line used to feed multiple circuits of tubing. Or, any water line running from the discharge side of a radiant circulator pump.
- Suspended SlabA radiant floor system installed on top of an existing floor.
- SwitchAn electrical device for opening or closing a circuit which allows a light or motor to be turned off or on.
t
- Tamp
- Tankless Coil
- Tankless Water HeaterPowered by gas or electrical power, these small units give you the benefit of on-demand hot water by bringing in cold water and then passing it through a heat exchanger. These systems are electronically controlled to the inflow of water and maximize efficiency. Since a holding tank is not(...)
- TarmacA trade name for an asphalitc binder used in paving.
- ThermThe mesasurement of a unit of heat equal to 1000,000 Btu.
- ThermalOf, or relating to, heat.
- Thermal Coefficient of expansionA factor designating the amount of contraction or expansion that takes place in a material as the result of temperature changes. It provides a means for the designer to determine the amount of change that will occur in something. Concrete, for example, uses expansion joints to compensate for(...)
- Thermal ConductorA solid or fluid, such as a metal or water, that allows heat to flow through it.
- Thermal InsulatorA material that resists the transfer or passage of heat. Carpet or carpet pad is a thermal insulator to radiant heat and needs to be carefully specified before installing.
- Thermal MassIn the context of radiant heat, materials capable of absorbing and storing heat energy. Concrete, sand, slate, and tile possess a greater thermal mass than wood. The greater the mass, the longer stored heat will remain in the floor.
- ThermoplasticA type of plastic that can be easily softened by heat and that cools to a hard material Thermoplastics are used for many products.
- ThermostatA device which senses "air or floor" temperature, controls operation of the heating source, and maintains the room temperature within the living space. Because of the effects of the heating system, the settings with hydronic radiant panels are 3-5�F lower than with forced warm air for the same(...)
- Three-Phase Electrical Current or PowerPower that is generated with three armature coils (in an alternator), which is the optimum number for generation, balancing output efficiency against mechanical input energy. The three phases follow each 1/180th of a second apart in a 60 cycle AC circuit. This type of power is most often used(...)
- Tile
- Towel WarmersTowel Warmers are a fashionable way to augment heating in any bathroom. These towel racks are comprised of metal tubing that traditionally uses a glycol water mixture and is either hard wired to 110V or is plugged into a socket. The fluid is heated and warms the entire rack and then radiates(...)
- Trade AssociationAn organization of manufacturers, distributors, service contractors or other groups with similar goals or needs. Such associations are usually formed to promote uniform standards within their particular industry and to standardize documents or codes for common benefit. Warmzone is a member of(...)
- Trowel
- Tubing MaterialsThe following are common examples of materials which have been and are currently used for the distribution piping: Copper, Type "L"; Armco Plastic Coated Steel; Cold Rolled or Extruded Steel; Non-Barrier Polybutylene; PEX Non-Barrier Polyethylene; PEX Cross-Linked Barrier Polyethylene; Rubber.
- Tubing SizesFor most practical applications, two tubing sizes are best. 7/8" Poly and 1/2" PEX offer the greatest flexibility. The 7/8" Poly provides the highest heat output (50 BTUs per ft.) and can be spaced 16" on center. But a compromise is made when it comes to bending diameter. However, in a wide(...)
- Tuff CableIs a resistance heating wire that has been engineered to work as a low-voltage system. Because of its size it can be used as a retrofit snow melting solution when grooves are saw cut in asphalt or concrete. This system requires a control box and transformer for each of the respective zones(...)
- Two-Wire System
- Type "L" TubeAn industry standard for copper tubing defined by the tube wall thickness and identified by a "blue" stripe. Type "L" copper tube wall is approximately 50% greater thickness than Type "M".
- Type "M" TubeAn industry standard for copper tubing defined by the tube wall thickness and identified by a "red" stripe.
u
- U-ValueA unit of measure of heat transfer through a material of known thickness determined by the number of Btu lost per square foot per hour, assuming a 1 degree F difference between the sides of the material. The lower the U-value, the greater the insulating value of the material.
- UF WireUnderground feeder wire or cable. It is a type of plastic insulated copper wire that is manufactured without fiber spacers that can absorb moisture. It is used in outdoor and underground applications, such as wiring for outdoor lighting, particularly with 120 volt AC supply power.
- Underwriter’s Laboratories (UL)An independent testing agency which can be hired to test and assess the operation and safety of almost any item or product. Once the item has been tested and approved by Underwriter’s Laboratories, the manufacturer can put a UL sticker or tag on the item to show that it has been tested.(...)
- Uniform Mechanical Code (94)A system of procedures designed to provide consumers with complete requirements for the installation and maintenance of heating, ventilating, cooling, and refrigeration systems and used throughout the United States by local jurisdictions.
- Universal Plumbing Code (94)A system of procedures designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary plumbing systems and used throughout the United States by local jurisdictions.
v
- ValleyThe inside corner junction where two roof slopes meet.
- Vapor Barrier
- Volt (V)A measure of the electromotive force that causes current to flow through a circuit, analogous to system pressure in a hydraulic system.
- Volt-AmpereA unit of apparent power in an AC electrical circuit, and a unit equal to a watt in a DC circuit.
- Voltage DropThe loss in voltage between the electrical supply and the electrical load because of resistance in the wire.
- Voltage RegulatorA control device used to maintain voltage at a set value.
- VoltmeterA meter that indicates the number of volts across electrical terminals. Used to test batteries, electrical circuits and receptacles to determine if they are live.
w
- WarmTrax
- WarmzoneWarmzone is a trusted, leading provider of radiant heat products and services. Built on a commitment to providing the best customer service in the industry, Warmzone provides complete solutions and works closely with customers to match the best radiant heat products and prices possible for(...)
- Watt (W)The common measurement unit for electric power, named for Sir James Watt (1736-1819) who suggested that the unit of power be the rate at which a horse performs work. A watt is equal to volts multiplied by amps in a DC circuit and in an AC circuit with a purely resistive load. One watt is the(...)
- Wire GaugeA standardized numbering system assigned to represent the diameter of a wire. The smaller the wire, the larger the number.
- Wrought Copper FittingsPlumbing fittings used to connect copper tubes. They are composed of cast copper metal.
y
- Y-ConnectionAn electrical connection in which all three coils in a three-phase generator meet at one point. Also called a wye connection.
z
- ZehnderManufacturer of radiant bathroom heaters and towel warmers.
- Zmesh
- Zone Manifold
- ZonesA zone generally refers to a given area controlled by a thermostat. Radiant heat allows you to have variable control of each zone unlike a forced air system. Any room or area in a radiant heat home can be zoned by using a separate tubing loop and manifold to control the heat of the individual(...)
- ZoningThe ability to individually select and control the area in the home to be heated.